CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the

state through the use of economic security operatives especially

police political power and the exercise of diplomacy. The concept

developed mostly in the United States of America after World War II

focusing on the police and military might. Now it encompasses a

broad range of facets all of which impinge on the police and military

for economic security of the nation lives property and values

protected by national society. Accordingly in order to possess

national security a nation needs to possess economic security

energy security environmental security etc. Security threats involve

not only conventional foes such as other national states but also non-

state actors such as violent non-state actors narcotic cartels

multinational corporations and non-governmental organizations;

some authorities include natural disasters and events causing severe

environmental change in this category.

The origin of the modern concept of “national security” as a

philosophy of maintaining a stable nation state can be traced to the

peace of Westphalia wherein the concept of a sovereign state ruled

by a sovereign became the basis of a new international order of

nation states.

As an academic concept national security can be seen as a recent

phenomenon which was first introduced in the United States after

World War II and has to some degree replaced other concepts that

describe the struggle of states to overcome various external and

internal threats. The struggle of states to overcome various external

and internal threats. The earliest mention of the term national

security however was made in Yale University in 1790 wherein was

made to its relation with domestic industries.

The concept of the national security became an official guiding

principle of foreign policy in the United States when the National

security Act of 1947 was signed on July 26 1947 by the U.S.

President Harry S. Truman. Together with its 1949 amendment this

act create American national security d important facets for American

national security as the precursor to the department of defense

subordinated the security operatives branches to the new cabinet

level position of the secretary of defense established the National

Security council and the Central Intelligence Agency. The Act did not

define national security which was conceivably advantageous as it’s

ambiguity made it a powerful phrase to invoke whenever issues

threatened by other interests of the state such as domestic

concerns came up for discussion and decision making.

The realization that national security encompasses more than just

security was present though understated from the beginning itself.

The US National Security Act of 1947 was set up “to advise the

president on the integration of domestic security and foreign policies

related to national security”.

Gen Maxwell Taylor’s essay of 1947 titled “The Legitimate claims of

National Security” has this to say;

The national valuables in this broad sense include current assets and

national interests as well as the sources of strength upon which our

future as a nation depends. Some valuables are tangible and earthly;

others are spiritual or intellectual. They range widely from political

assets such as the Bill of Rights National Security and political

institutions and international relations to many economic assets

which radiate worldwide from a highly productive domestic economy

supported by rich natural resources. It is the urgent need to protect

valuables such as these which legitimizes and makes essential the

role of national security.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Security information system has always played a vital role in the

stability of a nation. Keeping security information manually can

hinder some defense program and delay passage of security

information to the appropriate body. Manual documentation of

security information can lead to exposure of the information thereby

creating threat to the nation at large. Hence there is need for an

automated security information system to guaranty safety of

information.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objective of the study is to develop a database for

security information storage and retrieval.

Specifically the following objectives are also considered:

i. To build a database system for police security information.

ii. To develop a software for managing security information.

iii. To determine the effectiveness of Nigerian police in managing

signal.

1.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS/VARIABLES

Policing: Policing is another way of depicting the police.

Anti-policing: Anti-policing is the society’s social attitude opposed

to war between states and in particular countering arguments based

on policism.

Databases: A systematically arranged collection of computer data

structured so that it can be automatically retrieved or manipulated. It

is also called a databank.

National Security: The requirement to maintain the survival of the

nation-state through the use of economic policing and political

power and the exercise of diplomacy.

Information Security: means protecting information and

information systems from unauthorized access use disclosure

disruption modification perusal inspection recording or

destruction.

Classified Information is sensitive information to which the access

is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of persons.

Security Management is a broad field of management related to

asset management physical security and human resource safety

functions.